Columnwise Neural Imputation

Columnwise neural imputation (COLNI) uses a neural network with a Compensator layer and a consistent rank logits (CORAL) output layer to impute missing ordinal responses in psychological and educational assessments. Dropout and logit-space nearest-neighbor sampling generate multiple plausible completed datasets to account for imputation uncertainty.

COLNI workflow showing columnwise data splitting, neural network training, and multiple imputation.
Schematic diagram of COLNI. Click the image to view the vector PDF.

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